Government Shutdown

[hazard]

What you're asking for here is a motion of no confidence (although you're a bit more punitive with your "may not be elected" clause.) It appears to work well in Australia, Canada, India, Japan, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It doesn't appear to work so well in Italy. Wikipedia link

In Canada, every budget vote is a vote of confidence, by law. When one fails, an election campaign begins immediately.

To be fair, the situation is also a bit more dire than just not passing a budget bill. You can basically pass a budget bill anytime ahead of the (relevant part of) government running out of money. My idea is that if you, as a legislature, fail to fund the government you may need to face some repercussions. And it's supposed to hit longer sitting legislative officials harder, as in a first past the post system especially the incumbent candidates have a major advantage.